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Polish, matura

Topic revision, sample questions with explanations and tests. The questions are our own; official papers are on the CKE website.

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Mixed testChoose a topicWeakest topicsExam mode
Date
4 May 2027, 9:00
Working time
240 min (basic level)
CKE trial paper
17 December 2026

Standard time; it can be longer with special arrangements. CKE: komunikat o harmonogramie egzaminów w 2027 r. (20 sierpnia 2026) · CKE: informacja dyrektora o arkuszach przed egzaminami w 2027 r. (30 września 2026). Data checked: 2026-11-04.

Topics and revision

Language: grammar, varieties and usage

  • An act of communication consists of sender, recipient, message, code, context and contact.
  • The text functions in the curriculum are informative, poetic, expressive and impressive, including persuasive.
  • Stylisation is deliberate imitation of another style: archaisation, dialectisation, colloquialisation, jargon-based or biblical stylisation.
  • Biblical and mythological idioms are set phrases from the Bible and myths, such as the tower of Babel or Achilles' heel.
  • Newspeak is the language of propaganda that blurs the truth, and an evasive answer avoids the question.
  • This knowledge is tested in the Language in Use test, among others, which is worth 10 of the 60 points.
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Reading texts and the synthetic note

  • The Language in Use test is based on two texts on a similar topic, about 1,000 words in total.
  • The texts often show different points of view, so look for similarities and differences between the authors.
  • The synthetic note has 60 to 90 words and is written as continuous text in your own words.
  • The note must present both authors' positions, not summarise each text in turn.
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Required works: antiquity to positivism

  • The literary-history test is worth 15 points, at most 7 of them for this group of periods.
  • The list includes the Bible, Parandowski's Mythology, Antigone, Macbeth, The Miser, Dziady part III, Lalka and Crime and Punishment.
  • The test can also use Zemsta, Balladyna, Krasicki's fables, Dziady part II and the named books of Pan Tadeusz, in that case with an extract in the paper.
  • For poetry, knowledge of content can be tested on Bogurodzica, two songs and laments IX–XI by Kochanowski, the Hymn to Love of the Homeland, Ode to Youth and Testament mój.
  • In works read in full, a mistake about the main plot is a so-called cardinal error, which gives the essay 0 points.
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Required works: Young Poland to today

  • This group of periods gives at most 8 points in the literary-history test.
  • The list includes Wesele, Chłopi (extracts), Przedwiośnie, Ferdydurke (extracts), Proszę państwa do gazu, Inny świat (extracts), Zdążyć przed Panem Bogiem, The Plague, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Tango and Travels with Herodotus (extracts).
  • Poems outside the titled list are for reading and interpretation, not for testing knowledge of them.
  • Know which period each work belongs to: periodisation is a separate requirement.
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Stylistic devices, rhetoric and argument

  • An oxymoron joins words of opposite meaning, and a periphrasis replaces a name with a description.
  • Antithesis sets opposites side by side, parallelism repeats a syntactic pattern, and enumeration piles up elements.
  • Enjambment carries part of a sentence over to the next line.
  • An ad personam argument attacks the person rather than their reasoning.
  • Tell a discussion from a dispute and a quarrel, and persuasive aims from informative ones.
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The essay and marking rules

  • The basic-level written exam lasts 240 minutes and gives 60 points, 35 of them for the essay.
  • The essay must have at least 300 words, and there are two topics to choose from with no set genre.
  • Each topic requires two literary works, including a required work, and two contexts.
  • The reading list is in the paper, and in 2025–2028 the essay may also refer to required works from the 2018 curriculum.
  • A text shorter than 300 words is marked only on the formal and literary-cultural criteria.
Practise this topic (7) →

Sample questions

Question 1 · Language: grammar, varieties and usage

Która funkcja tekstu dominuje w haśle: „Zagłosuj już dziś na projekt naszej szkoły!”?

  1. informatywna
  2. poetycka
  3. ekspresywna
  4. impresywna

Answer: impresywna

The slogan aims to make the recipient act, which is the impressive function, here in its persuasive form.

Question 2 · Reading texts and the synthetic note

Tekst A. Uwaga przypomina światło latarki: oświetla jedno miejsce, a reszta pozostaje w mroku. Gdy co kilka minut przerywamy czytanie, by zerknąć na telefon, nie tylko tracimy te chwile. Musimy też za każdym razem odnaleźć wątek, a to kosztuje wysiłek. Dlatego długi, wymagający tekst wielu osobom wydaje się dziś trudniejszy, niż jest naprawdę. Nie musimy jednak rezygnować z technologii. Wystarczy ustalić czas, w którym telefon leży w innym pokoju, i traktować skupienie jak umiejętność, którą da się ćwiczyć.

Z czym autor Tekstu A porównuje uwagę?

  1. z otwartą książką
  2. z telefonem w dłoni
  3. z pracującym mięśniem
  4. ze światłem

Answer: ze światłem

The first sentence says: "Uwaga przypomina światło latarki" (attention is like a torch beam).

Question 3 · Required works: antiquity to positivism

Z której księgi Biblii pochodzą słowa „marność nad marnościami i wszystko marność”?

  1. z Apokalipsy św. Jana
  2. z Księgi Rodzaju
  3. z Księgi Koheleta
  4. z Księgi Psalmów

Answer: z Księgi Koheleta

These words express the main idea of the Book of Ecclesiastes: wealth, power and fame do not last.

Question 4 · Required works: Young Poland to today

Jakie autentyczne wydarzenie zainspirowało Wesele Wyspiańskiego?

  1. koronacja rosyjskiego cara w Warszawie
  2. wesele Lucjana Rydla i Jadwigi Mikołajczykówny
  3. zaręczyny Wyspiańskiego w Krakowie
  4. nagła śmierć Włodzimierza Tetmajera

Answer: wesele Lucjana Rydla i Jadwigi Mikołajczykówny

The wedding took place in 1900 in Kraków, and the reception in nearby Bronowice. An intellectual marrying a peasant caused controversy at the time.

Question 5 · Stylistic devices, rhetoric and argument

Który przykład zawiera oksymoron?

  1. stary dom
  2. szybki bieg
  3. czerwona róża
  4. gorący lód

Answer: gorący lód

An oxymoron joins words of opposite meaning, and ice cannot be hot.

Official CKE papers

The page for each year has the papers and marking rules for every subject. We only link to them; CKE publishes the materials. These are Formula 2023 papers.

All years on the CKE website ↗

CKE trial papers appear on the CKE website on the day of publication.